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develop small hydropower for Fruit Spray


In times of energy crisis, it is often necessary to use alternative methods to address the shortage.
Though our area has important energy resources, especially renewable resources such as water, there are places where they do not get electricity networks.
For these cases, researchers applied mechanics department of the Faculty of Engineering of the Universidad Nacional del Comahue, designed a small power plant, which installed up stream, can provide electricity to an outlet or a small group of homes, particularly in the mountainous area. Orlando
engineers Marchegiani Audisio and Ariel told us that "the design was intended for a machine that uses technology workshops in any area is to be installed" and detail some aspects of the project.

How did the process of making this turbine?
Initially, we conducted a study to obtain the average of the falls and flows that existed in the Andes and use these two parameters for the development of the turbine. Then look for a manufacturer to implement the prototype and testing was performed.
One of these machines is currently being used, Refugio Neumeyer in the Club Andino Bariloche , located in the mountainous surroundings of the town.
In the Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory, the University did all the hydraulic and mechanical design and the machine was built on a lathe of the City of Allen, Black River. As it is designed to work in very isolated places, the idea is that the maintenance is minimal.

What generates power and supplies?
Power can be variable according to the waterfall and stream flow. In a pipe breaks placed to exploit this gap and at the end of the pipe, the turbine. The prototype developed
6 kilos and was used to supply between 6 and 10 houses, according to the consumer they have. But this power plant can even provide up to 50 kilowatts of energy, so its use can be extended to other activities.


How are the manufacturing and installation costs?
Compared with the generator, the medium-term economic benefits are high. While the initial cost of the generator is low, then its use and maintenance is expensive especially for the price of fuel, which is its raw material.
In contrast, the hydroelectric installation is expensive but its source of supply is the water that is a free resource and is free. In addition, the life of a hydroelectric plant is 50 years minimum and a generator 15.


What deference between hydropower and other renewable energies?
When it comes to energy, the essence is sought is an energy that can move a generator. In the case of hydraulics, that energy is searched in the water that comes from a fall. But water, sun, air and biomass are intermediaries that are used as fuel sources. In this case, water transfers its energy to the turbine, and turbine transforms it into mechanical energy rotation, transferring to the generator.

"Hydropower is the most appropriate for the area?
Hydropower and wind power are the only ones able to provide a considerable amount of power. The problem is that wind power needs a wind field having certain characteristics, such as constant, so you can move your machine. On the other hand, the pressure must not work if there is a stream or a waterfall. But anyway, in the Andes, hydropower is above the wind just by these characteristics.
Furthermore, it should be noted that in the area is one of the watersheds in the country: the Limay . However
many communities still have no power as is the case Moquehue, a tourist area. This is because there is still no specific policy on renewable energy and would be essential to start thinking about it.

Hydraulic Machinery Laboratory, National University of Comahue, it also has the only bank in the region's public trial where trials are held third and diagnostic machines complete.

Contact:
National University Faculty of Engineering
Comahue
Hydraulic Machines Laboratory (LA.M.HI.)
Buenos Aires 1400 (8300) Neuquén.
Tel +54 -299-4490300 int. 404
Mail: marchegi@uncoma.edu.ar
oaudisio@uncoma.edu.ar

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mountain areas: an innovative design

Economy for the producer, environmental care, and better prospects for marketing Products include three of the goals to which aims to create a spray of agrochemicals for fruit and vegetable production of Upper Black River Valley and Neuquén.
This machine was designed teacher-researchers of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidad Nacional del Comahue. The project also attended by professionals from the Faculty of Engineering. The director is Alcides Di Prinzio, Doctor of Mechanisation and Agrarian Technology and Sergio Behmer, Master of Agricultural Mechanization.
The project began in the late 90's, first "moved into a phase of producer support, addressing technology issues, and here comes the spray calibration service that was done in conjunction with INTA "said Di Prinzio.
Parallel to this, there was a job research is to observe the efficiency and the problems I had the current system of pesticide application. Thus the idea of \u200b\u200bseeking a new technology to improve their implementation and in turn, be less aggressive toward the environment.
In order to implement this innovative machinery and know their results, the research team developed an experimental prototype with the help of a mechanic in the area. The result was very positive and interested to a local producer who made the sprayer through an agreement with the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. It was a pre-commercial design, which "is on stage adjustments to improve some aspects, "said Di Prinzio teacher.
Some of the advantages of the sprayer is the cost savings for the producer due to its innovative design that a tunnel is secured in recovering part of the ejected product that is not deposited on leaves and sends it back to the tank. 20% of the product will be recirculated and according to the researchers' calculations, the doses of chemicals per hectare would be reduced by 50%.
On the other hand, this system helps protect the environment and reduce air pollution by 80%. "The environmental aspects also influence the marketing of products fruit growing. There is great demand for integrated production systems and market rules that are increasingly demanding that protects the environment, "said Di Prinzio.
The physiognomic and operational changes that this new spray is another advantage that the researchers noted. Expression changes compared to conventional spray and although it complicates their use in some types of fruit plantations, remains overcome in other aspects such as application.
Another salient feature of this machine is that you can use at times of the day on which the conventional do not. This lets you work with less equipment, what benefits the producer in reducing costs.
"To finish this project are required to perform the latest reforms and make it operational. The main idea that motivated us was the realization of a product for the region to help mitigate the adverse impact of weather conditions for the application of agricultural chemicals, "said Di Prinzio.
Apart from this research project, we must stress also the training activities carried out from the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences 20 years ago. They are designed both to producers and operators, with the aim of improving the products and working conditions workers.

Contact: DI
Prinzio, Alcides
Agricultural Mechanization Department - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - National University of Comahue
National Route 151 Km 12.5, Cinco Saltos
aldipri@uncoma.edu.ar